AOpen AP5VM Manual de usuario

IntroductiontoVintageSoftwareRestorationVintageComputerFestivalEast8.0May 5‐6 2012May562012

ImprovementsincontrollertechnologyallowedforSoftsectored diskettes which required only one index holeSoft‐sectoreddiskettes,whichrequiredonl

TheIDsectioncontainssevenbytes,1)ID,2)trackaddress,3)zero,4)sectoraddress,5)zero,6and7)twoCRC(cyclicredundancycheck)characte

The floppy disk driveThefloppydiskdrive• ShugartSA800wastheearlystandardfrom~1977g y(andShugartremainedsointo80’sas5¼”becamemore

The drive controllerThedrivecontro ller• Translateshigherlevelcommandsfromthehostcomputerintoinstructionappropriatetothediskdriveelec

The computer interfaceThecomputerinterface• Goesintothecomputer.p• Connectstothedrivecontrollerviaadrivecable• Worksoneoftwowa ys:•

The softwareThesoftware• Keepstrackofwhatisstor edon thediskandwherewhere.• Allow soperatortocallforinformationbylli d bfilhcalling

Disk Operat ing SystemsDiskOperatingSystemsIn early 1977 most DOS’s were made by theInearly1977mostDOS sweremadebythedrivemanufacturer.T

CP/M CommandsCP/MCommandsOriginalCommandswithversionCP/M1.4DIR•DIR• TYPE• REN• ERA(erase)()• SAVE• PIP• SUBMIT•ED (text editor)•ED(texteditor

Useful Skills and ToolsUsefulSkillsandTools• Awaytoexamine,move,andeditblocksofmemory–y , , y“monitor”program,in‐circuitemulator,debu

CP/MCP/M• Madefor8080systemsoriginally,butalsotobeusedy gy,extensivelyontheZ80,requires16KandanIBM‐compatiblediskdrive./ kl ddl• C

Practical ExamplesPracticalExamples• HowtocopyCommodorebinaryprogramscassetteto/frompy y pg /disket te• TheTRS‐80ModelII• 8”diskformats•

Saving Memory to Disk CBM PETSavingMemorytoDiskCBMPETHerearethedirectionsforsavingablockofmemory(asinaprogramwrittentomemoryfrom

CopyMachineLangPETCassette ProgramsHereishowtomakeacopyofamachinelanguageprogram(loadedfromdiskor1. loadprogramonsourcecasset

The TRS‐80 Model IITheTRS80ModelII•Introduced in 1979Introducedin1979.• Firstworkedonthemin 84.80• 4MHzZ80• 32KRAMupgradeableto64k•

TRS‐80 Model II & External DrivesTRS80ModelII&ExternalDrives$1,150for1drive$3,450for32K$3,899for64K$1,799for2drives$3,250for

Model II8”DisksModelII8DisksManyearlycomputershadabuiltinOSoratleastBASIC.ThisisnotthecasefortheModel II. The TRS‐80 Model II co

What you needWhatyouneed•ISAbased286orhighercomputerrunningMS‐DOS(Free).•Floppycontrollerifnotonmotherboard(Free).•A486orhigherPCI

What you need continued…Whatyouneedcontinued…•Adapter to make your 5 ¼”drive look like anAdaptertomakeyour5¼drivelooklikean8”driveandv

8”floppy drive and disks8floppydriveanddisks•Many used a standard 50 pin interfaceManyusedastandard50pininterface.• Indoublesideddrivest

Papertape Storage: Teletype I/OPapertapeStorage:TeletypeI/O•The teletype (papertape) was the mostTheteletype(papertape)wasthemostpopularmass

Index HoleSingle Sided Double Sided

Mixed density DisksMixeddensityDisksTheModelIIusedamixeddensityformat.ThefirsttrackwasFMencoded.RemainingtrackswereMFMencoded.Som

A Sample of tested cont rollersASampleoftestedcontro llersS = Single Density P = PassedD = Double Density

Which ones will work for us?Whichoneswillworkforus?From the notes withTestFDC:FromthenoteswithTestFDC:Amainboardthatpassesthe250and500

Adapter OptionsAdapterOptionsAtthispoint,ifweknowthatwehaveacompatiblefloppycontroller,weneedtoacquireanadaptertoconvertthe50p

FDADAPFDADAP•Simple plug and playSimpleplugandplay• EmulatesTG43automaticallyl fl if 02• AlsousefultointerfacetoanRX02.

Hand wiringHandwiringFrankDurda’s methodG 50 Pi hd d 34 i hd–Geta50Pinheaderanda34pinheader.– Crimpeachonashortpieceofcable–Wiret

SignalName(s)‐ NumberinParensisthe50‐Pinconnectorsignalname50PinConnectorPins TieTo34PinConnector(SeeNote1)DoubleSidedmediadete

Hand WiringHandWiringDaveDunfield’smethodDaveDunfield smethod– Geta50pinPCMountedgeconnector(canbesalavgedfrom an ISA motherboard)salavged

Cassette StorageCassetteStorageBenefitsAdiL i i di di•Audiocassette‐Leastexpensivemagneticrecordingdevice• $2.25/cassettein1977for~100,000

Hand WiringHandWiringDaveDunfield’s methodO h i i i d–Ontheevenpins,usewirewrapwireandconnectthefollowing.PC(34p) 8"(50p) Descri

Make your own PCBMakeyourownPCB•Using express PCB or some similar programUsingexpressPCBorsomesimilarprogram• 3adaptersforaround$60C h ih

Adapter consider ataionsAdapterconsider ataions8”pluggingintoPC• Configuredriveasa1.2mb5¼”inbios• Poweringdrivecanbecomplex.Followpo

A word about cleaningAwordaboutcleaningOlder diskettes have a tendency to shed TheseOlderdisketteshaveatendencytoshed.Theselittlepiecesof

Reading with ImageDiskReadingwithImageDisk•Plug drive into computer as floppy A or BPlugdriveintocomputerasfloppyAorB• StartMS‐DOSld d “i l

Reading withImageDiskReadingwithImageDisk•Select R to read a diskSelectRtoreadadisk• Enterafilenamedii• Enteradescription.Isuggest– Numb

Disk StorageDiskStorage•Random Access Storage–data stored in the middleRandomAccessStoragedatastoredinthemiddleorendofthemediamaybeacc

Writing withImageDiskWritingwithImageDisk•Writing disks is a similar processWritingdisksisasimilarprocess• Attheimagediskmenumakesureyou

Using disk image in emulatorUsingdiskimageinemulator•MESS is a multiplatform computer emulatorMESSisamultiplatformcomputeremulator• Ifthere

Other wa ys to access dataOtherwa ystoaccessdata•Once the data is in an image you canOncethedataisinanimageyoucanmanipulateitmanually•M

Reading/WritingdiskswithCatweasel•Thecatweaselis a generic floppy interfaceThecatweaselisagenericfloppyinterface• PCI,ISAorAmigaZorrohlil

Using 5.25”drives as replacementUsing5.25drivesasreplacement•Must be able to set ready properlyMustbeabletosetreadyproperly• Shouldhavead

IntroductiontoFloppyDrives–66components•the diskthedisk• thediskdriveh di li• thedriveelectronics• thecontroller• thecomputerinterface•sy

The floppy diskThefloppydisk• 8”“diskette”aremostpopularinearly1977,pp y ,followedby5¼”– therewereno3.5”untilthemid80’s(sic.App

Floppy Disk OrganizationFloppyDiskOrganization• Tracksaredividedintosectors(IBMis26sectors/track).Thefirstsectorisfound at the index h